Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 19 de 19
Filter
1.
South African Family Practice ; 64(3): 1-5, 19 May 2022. Figures, Tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1380579

ABSTRACT

Obstetric spinal anaesthesia is routinely used in South African district hospitals for caesarean sections, providing better maternal and neonatal outcomes than general anaesthesia in appropriate patients. However, practitioners providing anaesthesia in this context are usually generalists who practise anaesthesia infrequently and may be unfamiliar with dealing with complications of spinal anaesthesia or with conversion from spinal to general anaesthesia. This is compounded by challenges with infrastructure, shortages of equipment and sundries and a lack of context-sensitive guidelines and support from specialised anaesthetic services for district hospitals. This continuous professional development (CPD) article aims to provide guidance with respect to several key areas related to obstetric spinal anaesthesia, and to address common concerns and queries. We stress that good clinical practice is essential to avoid predictable, common complications, and hence a thorough preoperative preparation is essential. We further discuss clinical indications for preoperative blood testing, spinal needle choice, the use of isobaric bupivacaine, spinal hypotension, failed or partial spinal block and pain during the caesarean section. Where possible, relevant local and international guidelines are referenced for further reading and guidance, and a link to a presentation of this topic is provided.Keywords: anaesthesia; resource-limited settings; emergency surgery; obstetric spinal anaesthesia; anaesthetic complications; caesarean section.


Subject(s)
General Surgery , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Intraoperative Complications , Cesarean Section , Hypotension
2.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 20(3): e740, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1351986

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La inducción e intubación en secuencia rápida es un procedimiento en anestesiología de emergencia para controlar la vía aérea en pacientes graves e insertar un tubo en la tráquea en el menor tiempo posible. Originalmente, este proceder se indicaba en los casos de regurgitación y/o reflujo para atenuar y prevenir la aspiración del contenido gástrico. La técnica descrita y usada por primera vez en los años 1970 retomó su uso en el contexto de la pandemia Covid-19. Sin embargo, una técnica convencional de intubación de secuencia rápida no sería adecuada pues no evitaría la dispersión del virus desde la vía aérea del paciente hacia el entorno, con la posibilidad de contaminación del personal que la realice. Objetivo: Describir una técnica modificada de intubación de secuencia rápida en tiempos de Covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de las primeras publicaciones con protocolos de esta técnica modificada. La búsqueda se realizó en base de datos como PubMed, Google Académico y Elsevier. Desarrollo: El aspecto más importante para el profesional que realice la técnica es lograr con éxito la maniobra y conservar la vida del paciente. En este sentido, debe ser el más experimentado y preparado para controlar el tiempo de cada una de las etapas en las que se divide. Conclusiones: En la enfermedad Covid-19 las situaciones clínicas son muy variantes por lo que los protocolos en la atención perioperatoria de los enfermos puede modificarse según exista nueva evidencia(AU)


Introduction: Rapid-sequence induction and intubation is an emergency anesthesiology procedure for airway control in critically ill patients and for inserting a tube into the trachea in the shortest possible time. Originally, this procedure was indicated in cases of regurgitation and/or reflux in order to attenuate and prevent aspiration of gastric contents. The technique, described and used for the first time in the 1970s, resumed its use in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a conventional rapid-sequence intubation technique would not be adequate as it would not prevent the virus spread from the patient's airway to the environment, with the possibility of contamination of the personnel performing it. Objective: To describe a modified rapid-sequence intubation technique in times of COVID-19. Methods: A review of the first publications with protocols of this modified technique was carried out. The search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier. Development: The most important aspect for the professional performing the technique is to achieve the maneuver successfully and preserve the life of the patient. In this respect, the physician must be the most experienced and prepared to control the time of each of the stages into which it is divided. Conclusions: In COVID-19, clinical situations are highly variable, a reason why protocols in the perioperative care of patients can be modified according to new evidence(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Rabbits , Anesthesiology , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/adverse effects
3.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 35(5): 660-655, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1137323

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sufentanil can reduce emergence delirium in children undergoing transthoracic device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) after sevoflurane-based cardiac anesthesia. Methods: From February 2019 to May 2019, 68 children who underwent transthoracic device closure of VSD at our center were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups: 36 patients in group S, who were given sufentanil and sevoflurane-based cardiac anesthesia, and 32 patients in group F, who were given fentanyl and sevoflurane-based cardiac anesthesia. The following clinical data were recorded: age, sex, body weight, operation time, and bispectral index (BIS). After the children were sent to the intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) and face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale scores were also assessed. The incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and dizziness, was recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in age, sex, body weight, operation time or BIS value between the two groups. Extubation time (min), PEAD score and FLACC scale score in group S were significantly better than those in group F (P<0.05). No serious anesthesia or drug-related side effects occurred. Conclusions: Sufentanil can be safely used in sevoflurane-based fast-track cardiac anesthesia for transthoracic device closure of VSD in children. Compared to fentanyl, sufentanil is more effective in reducing postoperative emergence delirium, with lower analgesia scores and greater comfort.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Anesthetics, Inhalation , Emergence Delirium , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/therapeutic use , Methyl Ethers , Retrospective Studies , Sufentanil/therapeutic use , Sevoflurane
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 35(3): 323-328, May-June 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1137257

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of fast-track cardiac anesthesia using the short-acting opioid sufentanil in children undergoing intraoperative device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods: This retrospective clinical study included 65 children who underwent intraoperative device closure of VSD between January 2017 and June 2017. Patients were diagnosed with isolated perimembranous VSD by transthoracic echocardiography. Then, they were divided into two groups, group F (n=30), whose patients were given sufentanil-based fast-track cardiac anesthesia, and group C (n=35), whose patients were given conventional cardiac anesthesia. Perioperative clinical data were analyzed. Results: No significant differences were found between the preoperative clinical parameters and intraoperative hemodynamic indices between the two groups. In group C, compared with group F, the postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of stay in the intensive care unit, the length of hospital stay, and the hospital costs were significantly increased. Conclusion: In this retrospective study at a single center, sufentanil-based fast-track cardiac anesthesia was shown to be a safe and effective technique for minimally-invasive intraoperative device closure of VSD in children, which was performed with reduced in-hospital costs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Septal Occluder Device , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Cardiac Catheterization , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Sufentanil
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(6): 549-557, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-977399

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: After advancement of cardiovascular surgery, there is also exponential development of anesthetic techniques in this field. Patients with increasing clinical complexity challenge cardiac anesthesiologists to keep constantly updated. An evaluation of Brazilian's cardiovascular anesthesia fellowship at Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology has been made and information has been collected to evaluate the fellowship program in cardiovascular anesthesia. Method: Target participants were made up of former fellowships, contacted via e-mail containing an invitation to voluntarily participate. Explanation of the survey's purpose was provided. This communication was signed by the authors and contained a hyperlink to the survey, which was constructed on and hosted on a web platform. The survey was composed of 10 objectives questions designed to describe training and subsequent career. Results: The adjusted survey response rate was 71%. Two-thirds of respondents agreed that fellowship training provided them an advantage in the job market and 93% of respondents currently work with cardiac anesthesia. At least 87% of participants would recommend the course to other anesthesiologists. Conclusion: Fellowship graduates judge their technical training as excellent and incorporated the knowledge acquired in their daily practice. However, there are improvements to be made. We believe this document may be useful as a reference for other institutions to develop their own cardiovascular anesthesia fellowship programs.


Resumo Justificativa: Com o avanço da cirurgia cardiovascular nos últimos anos, houve também um desenvolvimento exponencial das técnicas anestésicas. Pacientes com complexidade clínica crescente desafiam os anestesiologistas cardíacos a se manterem constantemente atualizados. Uma avaliação do programa de aprimoramento em anestesia cardiovascular brasileira do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia foi feita e informações foram coletadas para avaliar o programa. Método: Os participantes-alvo eram formados por ex-aprimorandos, contatados via e-mail com um convite para participação voluntária. A explicação do objetivo da pesquisa foi fornecida. Essa comunicação foi assinada pelos autores e continha um link para a pesquisa, que foi construída e hospedada em uma plataforma web. A pesquisa foi composta por 10 questões objetivas destinadas a descrever o treinamento e a carreira subsequente. Resultados: A taxa de resposta ajustada para a pesquisa foi de 71%. Dois terços dos entrevistados concordaram que o treinamento do programa lhes proporcionou uma vantagem no mercado de trabalho e 93% dos entrevistados trabalham atualmente com anestesia cardíaca. Pelo menos 87% dos participantes recomendariam o curso a outros anestesiologistas. Conclusão: Os graduados do programa de aprimoramento julgam sua formação técnica como excelente e incorporaram os conhecimentos adquiridos em sua prática diária. No entanto, há melhorias a serem feitas. Acreditamos que este documento possa ser útil como referência para outras instituições desenvolverem seus próprios programas de aprimoramento em anestesia cardiovascular.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Graduate , Fellowships and Scholarships , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Anesthesiology/education , Brazil , Attitude of Health Personnel , Self Report
7.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 17(2): 1-11, mayo.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991026

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El concepto de protocolos de recuperación rápida o precoz fue insertado en la práctica clínica por Henrik Kehlet en 1997, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad en los cuidados perioperatorios y disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar que la implementación de los protocolos en cirugía cardiaca ya no constituye una utopía. Métodos: La búsqueda bibliográfica estuvo constituida por todos los artículos publicados que evaluaron la utilidad de los protocolos de recuperación rápida o precoz. Desarrollo: Los protocolos de recuperación precoz han sido desarrollados durante décadas y abarcan un conjunto de acciones que cubren todo el periodo perioperatorio. Para lograr la completa adherencia se necesita de un equipo multidisciplinario. Su implementación comenzó en la cirugía colorectal y fueron gradualmente expandidos y adaptados a casi todas la especialidades quirúrgicas. En la cirugía cardiaca por razones no específicas, que incluyen el uso de la circulación extracorpórea, la implementación ha sido demorada pero la evidencia científica existente, aunque no es suficiente, muestra que la adherencia a estos influye de manera positiva en la recuperación de los enfermos, por lo que surge la necesidad de estandarizarlos. Conclusiones: La implementación de estos protocolos en la cardiocirugía ya es una realidad. En abril de 2017 se constituyó la sociedad responsable de dicho proceso, cuyo lema es el de optimizar los cuidados perioperatorios a través de un análisis colaborativo, el consenso de expertos y la diseminación de las mejores prácticas(AU)


Introduction: The concept of rapid or early recovery protocols was inserted into clinical practice by Henrik Kehlet in 1997, with the aim of improving the quality of perioperative care and decreasing morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine that the implementation of protocols in heart surgery is no longer a utopia. Methods: The bibliographic search was made up of all the published articles that evaluated the usefulness of the rapid or early recovery protocols. Development: Early recovery protocols have been developed for decades and comprise a set of actions that cover the entire perioperative period. A multidisciplinary team is needed to achieve complete adherence. Its implementation began in colorectal surgery and it was gradually expanded and adapted to almost all surgical specialties. In heart surgery for non-specific reasons, including the use of extracorporeal circulation, the implementation has been delayed but the existing scientific evidence, although not enough, shows that adherence to these protocols influences positively the recovery of patients; so, the need to standardize them has arisen. Conclusions: The implementation of these protocols in heart surgery is now a reality. In April 2017, the company responsible for this process was created, whose motto is to optimize perioperative care through a collaborative analysis, consensus of experts and the dissemination of best practices(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Perioperative Care/methods , Guidelines as Topic/policies , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/methods , Anesthesia Recovery Period
8.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(4): 371-375, July-Aug. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958423

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after fast-track cardiac anesthesia (FTCA) in the first 24-48 hours in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) after open-heart surgery, risk factors for PONV and its influence on CICU length of stay. Methods: A prospective observational study from January 1, 2013 to the end of December 2015 was performed in the CICU of a university hospital in the north of Jordan and Queen Alia Heart Institute, Amman, Jordan. Three hundred consecutive patients undergoing fast-track cardiac anesthesia in elective cardiac surgery were enrolled in the study. Nausea and vomiting were assessed after tracheal extubation, which was performed within 6-10 hours after surgery and during the first 24-48 hours in the CICU. Metoclopramide 10 mg intravenously was used as the initial antiemetic drug, but ondansetron 4 mg intravenously was also used as second line of management. Results: Nausea was reported in 46 (15.3%) patients, and vomiting in 31 (10.3%). Among females, 38 (33.9%) patients developed nausea and 20 (17.9%) developed vomiting. Among males, 8 (4.3%) patients developed nausea and 11 (5.9%) developed vomiting. Conclusion: PONV are relatively low after FTCA and the prophylactic administration of antiemetic drug before anesthesia or after extubation is not necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/etiology , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/adverse effects , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Time Factors , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/drug therapy , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Jordan/epidemiology , Length of Stay , Antiemetics/therapeutic use
9.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 16(3): 1-9, set.-dic. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960318

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la anomalía de Ebstein es una rara malformación congénita cardiaca, definida por un desplazamiento apical de las valvas septal y posterior de la válvula tricúspide hacia el interior del ventrículo derecho, en vez de hacerlo a nivel del anillo auriculoventricular, lo cual conlleva un aumento del volumen de la aurícula derecha (megaurícula) a expensas de una reducción del tamaño del ventrículo del mismo lado (auriculización del ventrículo). Causa una significante regurgitación tricuspídea y reducción de la capacidad funcional del ventrículo, dilatación atrioventricular derecha, con arritmias auriculares y ventriculares, las que tienden a hacerse resistentes en ocasiones, o de difícil tratamiento. El desplazamiento del orificio valvular tricuspídeo produce una división del ventrículo derecho en una porción integrada al atrio derecho, lo que constituye la porción atrializada del ventrículo derecho, en tanto la porción apicotrabecular y de salida constituye su parte funcional. Objetivo: presentar la evolución clínico-anestesiológica de una paciente con anomalía de Ebstein. Caso clínico: paciente de 69 años de edad programada para cirugía electiva en dos ocasiones por diferentes enfermedades oncológicas, portadora de anomalía de Ebstein. Antecedentes de tromboembolismo pulmonar, tres cirugías cardiacas, diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial, enfermedad arterial aterosclerótica estable e infarto cerebral media derecha embólico. Se evitaron aquellas condiciones que aumenten el trabajo cardiaco y el consumo de oxígeno. Conclusiones: el desafío que representa para el anestesiólogo, aquellos pacientes que sufren anomalía de Ebstein puede variar de paciente a paciente, en dependencia del estado físico, el tipo de enfermedad y las técnicas de monitorización(AU)


Introduction: Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, defined by an apical displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, instead of at the level of the atrioventricular ring, which leads to an increase of the volume of the right atrium (mega atrium) at the expense of a size reduction for the ventricle on the same side (auriculization of the ventricle). It causes a significant tricuspid regurgitation and reduction of the functional capacity of the ventricle, right atrioventricular dilation, with atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, which tend to become resistant at times, or difficult to treat. The displacement of the tricuspid valve orifice produces a division of the right ventricle in a portion integrated to the right atrium, which constitutes the atrialized portion of the right ventricle, while the apico-trabecular and exit portion constitutes its functional part. Objective: To present the clinical-anesthesiological evolution of a patient with Ebstein's anomaly. Clinical case: A 69-year-old patient, with Ebstein's anomaly, who was scheduled for elective surgery on two occasions for different oncological diseases. History of pulmonary thromboembolism, three cardiac surgeries, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, stable atherosclerotic arterial disease, and right middle cerebral infarction. Conditions that increase cardiac work and oxygen consumption were avoided. Conclusions: The challenge patients suffering from Ebstein's anomaly represent for the anesthesiologist can vary from patient to patient, depending on the physical state, the type of disease, and the monitoring techniques(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Ebstein Anomaly/surgery , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/methods , Cardiac Output, High/prevention & control
10.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 16(3): 1-16, set.-dic. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960316

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el síndrome de QT largo es una canalopatía caracterizada por una grave alteración en la repolarización ventricular. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a intervalo QT prolongado en anestesia cardiovascular. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal desde mayo de 2014 a mayo de 2016, en pacientes programados para cirugía cardíaca bajo circulación extracorpórea. Se evaluó el riesgo atribuible y el intervalo de confianza para un 95 por ciento en variables con p< 0,05. Resultados: se incluyeron 483 pacientes, con una edad media de 62 años, de ellos 57 (12 por ciento) registraron un QTc prolongado. La edad avanzada (RA: 1,8; IC 95 por ciento: 0,86-2,67), insuficiencia renal crónica (RA: 2,7; IC 95 por ciento: 0,82-4,96), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (RA: 1,7; IC 95 por ciento: 1,01-2,15), cardiopatía isquémica (RA: 3,5; IC 95 por ciento: 1,60-4,02), hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (RA: 2,2; IC 95 por ciento: 2,53-3,15), anticálcicos (RA: 1,5; IC 95 por ciento: 0,92-2,98), anestesia general orotraqueal balanceada (RA: 2,1; IC 95 por ciento: 2,92-2,35), ondansetrón (RA: 1,7; IC 95 por ciento: 0,98-2,74), droperidol (RA: 1,8; IC 95 por ciento: 2,18-3,94), tiempo de circulación extracorpórea (RA: 2,5; IC 95 por ciento: 1,02-3,62), hipopotasemia (RA: 1,4; IC 95 por ciento: 1,03-2,91) y la bradicardia severa (RA: 1,8; IC 95 por ciento: 1,12-3,86) fueron asociados con alto riesgo de prolongación del intervalo QT. Las complicaciones fueron mayores en este grupo, con una mortalidad de 23 por ciento. Conclusiones: la edad avanzada, la insuficiencia renal crónica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertrofia ventricular y la cardiopatía isquémica facilitan la prolongación del QT inducida por los bloqueadores del calcio. El mayor tiempo de circulación extracorpórea, la anestesia balanceada con isoflurano, el uso de droperidol y ondansetrón, la bradicardia e hipopotasemia posoperatoria son variables asociadas con la extensión del intervalo QT, con un incremento en las complicaciones. Las taquiarritmias ventriculares y la mortalidad fueron mayores en este subgrupo de pacientes(AU)


Introduction: The long QT syndrome is a channelopathy characterized by a serious alteration in ventricular repolarization. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with prolonged QT interval in cardiovascular anesthesia. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study from May 2014 to May 2016, in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation. The attributable risk and the confidence interval were evaluated for 95 percent and in variables with p value under 0.05. Results: 483 patients were included, with a mean age of 62 years, of whom 57 (12 percent) had prolonged QTc. Advanced age (RA: 1.8, 95 percent CI: 0.86-2.67), chronic renal failure (RA: 2.7, 95 percent CI: 0.82-4.96), type 2 diabetes mellitus (RA: 1.7, 95 percent CI: 1.01-2.15), ischemic heart disease (RA: 3.5, 95 percent CI: 1.60-4.02), left ventricular hypertrophy (RA: 2.2, 95 percent CI: 2.53-3.15), calcium-lactam antibiotics (RA: 1.5, 95 percent CI: 0.92-2.98), balanced orotracheal general anesthesia (RA: 2.1, 95 percent CI: 2.92-2.35), ondansetron (RA: 1.7, 95 percent CI: 0.98-2.74), droperidol (RA: 1.8, 95 percent CI: 2.18-3.94) ), extracorporeal circulation time (RA: 2.5, 95 percent CI: 1.02-3.62), hypokalemia (RA: 1.4, 95 percent CI: 1.03-2.91) and severe bradycardia (RA: 1.8, 95 percent CI: 1.12-3.86) were associated with a high risk of QT prolongation. The complications were more significant in this group, with a mortality of 23 percent. Conclusions: Advanced age, chronic renal failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, ventricular hypertrophy, and ischemic heart disease facilitate the prolongation of QT induced by calcium blockers. The longer time of extracorporeal circulation, the balanced anesthesia with isoflurane, the use of droperidol and ondansetron, bradycardia and postoperative hypokalemia are variables associated with the extension of the QT interval, with an increase in complications. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias and mortality were higher in this subgroup of patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Long QT Syndrome/complications , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/methods , Anesthesia, General/methods , Long QT Syndrome/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
11.
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal ; : 42-44, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-629102

ABSTRACT

The authors describe a case of pneumocephalus following epidural anaesthesia for total knee arthroplasty. Multiple attempts in locating the epidural space for the anaesthesia and the use of loss of resistance to air (LORA) technique were identified as the source of air entry. Supportive management was given including high flow oxygenation therapy and spontaneous reabsorption of air was noted five days after surgery. The presence of pneumocephalus should be kept in mind if patient develops neurological complications postoperatively following epidural anaesthesia.


Subject(s)
Pneumocephalus , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures
12.
Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care. 2017; 21 (2): 128-130
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-189134

ABSTRACT

There is an ever increasing number of invasive cardiovascular procedures performed annually all over the world. Most of these procedures are known to have a high complication rate; the most common cause of these complications being the surgical stress response with resultant impaired myocardial oxygen supply and demand ratio. The use of dexmedetomidine in cardiac anesthesia has shown promising results in decreasing the complication rates in these patients. It is shorter acting, highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist and has analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic and sympatholytic properties. Published studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated beneficial role of perioperative use of dexmedetomidine in cardiac anesthesia. It is relatively a new drug and in order to further confirm its beneficial effects during cardiac anesthesia, more well designed, clinical trials are needed to make evidence based recommendations for its use in specific circumstances and establish its permanent place in cardiac anesthesia


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Stress, Psychological
13.
Cambios rev. méd ; 14(25): 32-37, jun.2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008257

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la anestesia general en cirugía cardíaca debe cumplir no solo con sus pilares básicos: hipnosis, amnesia, relajación neuromuscular y analgesia sino también mantener adecuada oxigenación y perfusión tisular, aportar protección neurovegetativa, mantener equilibrio hidroelectrolítico ácido base, prevenir y tratar coagulopatías, regulación térmica y preservar la función miocárdica, neurológica, renal y respiratoria con el fin de mantener la homeostasis. Materiales y métodos: en este estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal, se realiza el seguimiento de 114 pacientes intervenidos bajo anestesia general para cirugía cardíaca electiva hasta seis meses posoperatorios con edad promedio de 55 años, con una morbilidad de 26.32% y mortalidad del 17.54%. Resultados: las patologías intervenidas más frecuentes fueron valvulopatías (52%) con predominio de estenosis aórtica, en segundo lugar las cardiopatías congénitas (24.67%) principalmente CIA, CIV, PCA. Las dos principales comorbilidades asociadas fueron la hipertensión arterial (39%) y diabetes mellitus tipo II (16%). El 84% de pacientes tenían fracción de eyección del 55% y la clase funcional III y IV presentó mayor riesgo de mortalidad OR 3.2 (p<0.05). El 37.73% de pacientes recibieron beta bloqueadores previo al procedimiento con un efecto protector OR 0.8 (p:<0.05). Conclusiones: el tiempo de circulación extracorpórea fue menor de 120 min. En el 23.32%, un tiempo mayor de CEC mostró ser un factor de riesgo OR: 7 (p:<0.05). El 25% de pacientes requirió soporte inotrópico o vasoactivo, de los cuales solamente la epinefrina mostró significancia estadística como factor de riesgo; sin embargo puede ser un sesgo ya que el tamaño de la muestra de pacientes es relativamente pequeño y todos los grupos, exceptuando el nitroprusiato, tuvieron un OR >1. El 85% de pacientes requirió transfusión con un OR 6.82 (p:<0.05) para complicaciones posoperatorias como infección y hemorragia.


Introduction: general anesthesia in cardiovascular surgery is based not only on hypnosis, amnesia, neuromuscular blockade and analgesia; but must provide proper oxygenation, tissue perfusion, neurovegetative protection, acid base regulation, treat and prevent coagulopathy, thermic control, myocardic preserve, neurologic, renal and respiratory functions in order to keep homeostasis. Materials and methods: in this longitudinal descriptive observational trial, 114 patients who underwent cardiac surgery under general anesthesia were followed for 6 months. The median age of these patients was 55 with 26.32% morbidity and 17.54% mortality. Results: the most frequent surgeries were valvulopathies (52%) being the most common aortic stenosis; in second place congenital cardiopathies (24.67%), mainly trial communication, interventricular communication and patent ductus arteriosus. The two main co-morbilities were arterial hypertension (39%) and diabetes mellitus II (16%). 84% of patients had an ejection fraction of 55% and those with NYHA functional class III and IV had more risk of mortality OR 3.2 (p<0.05). 37.73% of patients received beta blockers before surgery with a protective effect OR 0.8 (p:<0.05). Conclusions: the time of extracorporeal circulation (EC) was less than 120 minutes in 23.32%, lengthier time of CEC showed a risk factor OR: 7 (p:<0.05). 25% of patients needed vasoactive and inotropic support. Only epinephrine reached statistical significance as a risk factor, nevertheless it could be because the number of patients that received this therapy was relatively small. All the groups, except nitroprussiade, had an OR>1. 85% of patients required transfusion with an OR 6.82 (p:<0.05) for postoperatory complications such as infection and bleeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve Stenosis , Oxygenation , Morbidity , Mortality , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Heart Defects, Congenital , Diabetes Mellitus , Homeostasis , Anesthesia, General
14.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 21(2): 73-75, mar.-abr. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-712875

ABSTRACT

"El 16 de octubre de 1846, a las diez de la mañana, los espectadores llenaron rápidamente el anfiteatro del quirófano-auditorio de la escuela de Medicina de Harvard (Boston-USA)... el paciente Gilbert Abbott, el cirujano Profesor Warren quien se disponía a resecar un tumor en el cuello de Abbott. El Dr. Odontólogo de profesión Tomas Green Morton, apareció quince minutos tarde luego de perfeccionar el equipo para administrar el medicamento, hizo abrir la boca del paciente e insertó un tubo de madera, lo inició cautelosamente en la inhalación del Ether; luego de 10 minutos consiguió en el paciente un estado de narcosis y relajamiento... Se dirigió al Dr. Warren. ­Ya puede usted empezar, ­dijo Morton­. Warren dio inicio a la cirugía palideciendo de sorpresa... Abbott no reaccionó. Efectivamente era posible operar sin dolor. ­Esta vez bien lo sabe Dios, no ha sido una farsa ­exclamó Warren. ­Dentro de poco no se efectuará ninguna intervención quirúrgica sin anestesia ­concluyen los asistentes quienes acababan de vivir uno de los momentos estelares de la medicina. A pesar de las múltiples referencias acerca del uso de diferentes agentes anestésicos y analgésicos previos al momento descrito en la cita histórica anterior, este evento se considera como la primera anestesia y el punto de partida de una nueva era en la historia de la medicina. Allí comienza una interminable secuencia de hechos conducentes al desarrollo de la cirugía, de todas sus especialidades y de nuevas técnicas anestésicas, al tiempo que se origina el desarrollo académico de una nueva especialidad médica de progresión acelerada: la Anestesiología. En la actualidad, ésta ocupa los primeros lugares de solicitudes de ingreso a programas de especialización en los ámbitos internacional y nacional; en este último se cuenta con 24 programas universitarios de especialización que entregan cada año un promedio de 100 especialistas nuevos para un total de 2.249 anestesiólogos actualmente en ejercicio, distribuidos en el territorio colombiano.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Operating Rooms , Cardiology
15.
Caracas; s.n; nov. 2011. ^c30 cmtab, ilus, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1150995

ABSTRACT

El beneficio del uso de corticosteroides, con el fin de reducir las complicaciones asociadas con la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, desencadenada en niños con cardiopatías congénitas (CC), durante la cirugía cardíaca bajo circulación extracorpórea (CEC), continua siendo un tema controversial a pesar de su introducción en la práctica clínica desde hace seis décadas. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio clínico controlado, prospectivo, aleatorio, doble ciego, realizado en 104 niños (edad 06 meses a 8 años) con CC complejas, ASA III, dirigido a evaluar el impacto de la administración de MPS 30mg/kg iv (n 63), en la modulación del estrés quirúrgico en comparación con un grupo placebo (n 41). Inclusión: Todos los niños de 6 meses a 8 años, programados para cirugía bajo CEC, mayo 2010 a mayo 2011. Consentimiento informado. Exclusión: asma bronquial, insuficiencia adrenal, infecciones, tratamiento previo con esteroides o inmunosupresores. Parámetros basal y a las 24 horas del post-operatorio (PO): leucocitosis, interleuquina 6 (IL-6), proteína C reactiva (PCR), cortisol sérico y glicemia en ayunas. Evolución clínica: duración de la ventilación mecánica (VM), estancia en UCI, requerimiento de inotrópicos, hemoderivados, sangrado, días en hospitalización e incidencia del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS), falla multiorgánica (FMO), síndrome de bajo gasto (SBG), disfunción ventricular y síndrome de fuga capilar (SFC).Protocolos de anestesia general balanceada y perfusión homogéneos, se utilizó bombas de rodillo, oxigenadores de membrana y hemoderivados leucodepletados. No se administró insulina, aprotinina, ni etomidato. Resultados: Homogénea distribución de ambos grupos de tratamiento por tipo de CC (cianógenas y no cianógenas), con similar riesgo quirúrgico y características peri-operatorias. La incidencia del SRIS fue del 34%, FMO 26%, SBG 15%, SFC14%, sin diferencia entre los grupos CTR y MPS, lo cual indica que la MPS no se asoció a la reducción del riesgo a presentar complicaciones en el PO. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos CTR y MPS en la formula y recuento leucocitario a las 24h, pero si reducción de IL-6 y PCR, al 5to día se observó linfopenia más prolongada, lo cual sugiere modulación de la respuesta inflamatoria. La administración de MPS no se asoció a hiperglicemia, ni sangrado gástrico, con relación al CTR. Sin embargo fue mayor la incidencia de infecciones y el uso de antibióticos de alto espectro en el PO. El 63% de los pacientes tratados con MPS respondió a las 24h del PO con reducción de la cortisolemia (MPS-RESPONDEDORES) (p 0,003), mientras que el 38% no respondió a la acción supresora hipofisiaria del esteroide exógeno (MPS-NO RESPONDEDORES). Los pacientes del subgrupo MPS-NO RESPONDEDORES con relación al grupo CTR y subgrupo MPS-RESPONDEDORES, permanecieron mayor cantidad de horas con soporte inotrópico, ventilatorio, fue mayor la estancia en UCI y hospitalización y más elevado el riesgo a presentar SBG y falla cardiaca. Conclusiones: En nuestras condiciones, la pauta de administración de MPS 30 mg/kg iv durante la inducción anestésica, no fue eficaz en prevenir el SRIS, FMO, SBG, SFC, ni su uso se asoció a mejor evolución clínica en el PO, lo contrario hubo mayor riesgo a presentar infecciones en el PO y a permanecer hospitalizados más de 15 días.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Steroids/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Extracorporeal Circulation , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Steroids/administration & dosage , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Cardiac Output, Low/prevention & control , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/prevention & control , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage
16.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 44(1)ene.-mar. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-425305

ABSTRACT

El sangrado persistente luego de la circulación extracorpórea es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en la cirugía cardiovascular e implica la administración de repetidas transfusiones de sangre, con aumento significativo de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. El enfoque terapéutico de esta complicación incluye diferentes medidas, entre las cuales el suministro de antifibrinolíticos desempeña un importante rol preventivo. Se realizó un estudio en 50 niños con operaciones cardiovasculares bajo circulación extracorpórea, realizadas en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Pediátrico William Soler durante el período comprendido entre los meses de enero de 2001 a febrero de 2002. Antes de la circulación extracorpórea se administró 100 mg/kg de ácido épsilon aminocaproico como dosis inicial durante 20 min y se mantuvo luego a razón de 15 mg/kg/h hasta el cierre de la piel. No hubo complicaciones con la administración de este agente, a pesar de que se empleó en dosis altas al inicio. No hubo sangrado prolongado ni evidencia de trastornos significativos de la coagulación, lo cual atribuimos a las medidas preventivas adoptadas(AU)


The persistent bleeding after the extracorporeal circulation is one of the most frequent complications in cardiovascular surgery and implies the administration of repeated blood transfusions with a significant increase of morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic approach of this complication includes different measures, among which the administration of antifibrinolytics plays an important preventive role. A study of 50 children that underwent cardiovascular surgery under extracorporeal circulation performed at the Heart Center of William Soler Children's Hospital from January 2001 to February 2002, was conducted. 100 mg/kg of aminocaproic epsilon acid were administered before the extracorporeal circulation as an initial dose for 20 min. It was maintained then at a rate of 15 mg/kg/h until the closure of the skin. No complications were observed, in spite of the fact that it was used at high doses at the beginning. There was neither prolonged bleeding nor evidence of marked coagulation disorders, which may be attributed to the preventive measures that were taken(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Blood Coagulation , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/methods , Aminocaproic Acid/administration & dosage , Antifibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Blood Transfusion/methods
17.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 43(1)ene.-mar. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-388386

ABSTRACT

Como resultado del progreso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas, la esperanza de vida aumenta considerablemente en nuestro medio. Consecuentemente más niños crecen hasta convertirse en adultos y un grupo de ellos serán sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos no cardiovasculares. Estos pacientes constituyen un reto para los anestesiólogos por 3 motivos: 1. Existe una gran variedad de variedades anatómicas y fisiológicas; 2. La capacidad cardiovascular y pulmonar están afectadas de forma significativa y 3. Existe poca información disponible acerca del manejo anestésico de estos pacientes. Las operaciones no cardiovasculares en los pacientes que padecen o han sido operados por padecer cardiopatías congénitas, deben realizarse si es posible, en hospitales de primer nivel y el anestesiólogo responsable debe tener experiencia previa en anestesia cardiovascular pediátrica o por lo menos acceso directo a consulta con un anestesiólogo cardiovascular pediátrico. Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre el manejo anestésico de los pacientes que padecen de cardiopatías congénitas cianóticas sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos no cardiovasculares(AU)


As a result of the progress attained in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases, life expectancy increases considerably in our environment. Consequently, more children grow up until becoming adults and some of them will undergo noncardiovascular surgical procedures. These patients are a challenge for anesthesiologists for 3 reasons: 1. There is a great number of anatomical and physiological varieties; 2. The cardiovascular and pulmonary capacities are significantly affected; 3. There is little information available about the anesthetic management of these patients. The noncardiovascular operations in patients suffering from heart diseases or that have undergone surgery due to congenital heart diseases, should be performed if possible in first level hospitals and the anesthesiologist should have previos experience in pediatric cardiovascular anesthesia or at least direct access to consult a pediatric cardiovascular anesthesiologist. An updated bibliographic review on the anesthetic management of the patients suffering from cyanotic congenital heart diseases undergoing noncardiovascular surgery is presented(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Life Expectancy , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
18.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 42(1)ene.-mar. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-351618

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial eleva de forma inaceptable el riesgo en los pacientes sometidos a anestesia y se hace necesario un tratamiento meticuloso antes de la operación con el objetivo de controlarla. Se señalan los agentes de premedicación con los cuales se obtienen mejores resultados. Se realiza una revisión actualizada de las técnicas y agentes anestésicos empleados en el paciente hipertenso. Se expone el tratamiento médico preoperatorio actualizado, así como el tratamiento de las crisis de hipertensión arterial durante la anestesia(AU)


Arterial hypertension increases in an unacceptable way the risk in patients receiving anesthesia. Therefore, a meticulous treatment is necessary before surgery in order to control it. The premedication agents with which better results are obtained are stressed. An updated review of the techniques and anesthetics used in the hypertensive patient is made. The updated postoperative medical treatment as well as the treatment of the crisis of arterial hypertension during anesthesia are dealt with(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Factors , Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures/adverse effects , Hypertension/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL